INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS ON SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of different fertilization systems on the growth and development, seed productivity of tomato plants when grown on chernozem soils of the irrigated vegetable-forage rotation of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods: field, laboratory, statistical analysis. Obtained results: The use of mineral fertilizers (spreading, locally, aftereffect of organic fertilizers) ensures a significant increase in the height of the plant (by 10.1–19.0%), the number of tassels (by 1.71–3.23 pcs./plant), weight of the plant (by 61.2–109.1%), as well as an increase in the content of chlorophylls A and B in the leaves (to the level of 12.89–14.55 mg/kg), reduces the activity of peroxidase (58.4–71.8 mmol/g per sec). Sidereal fertilization systems (with the aftereffect of organic fertilizers and microbial preparations or use of microbial preparations) have a much smaller effect on the growth processes of tomato plants, аt the same time, seed yield increases by 55 kg/ha or 63.0%. The highest level of tomato seed productivity is indicated for the use of mineral fertilization systems (N120P120K90 or N260P180K130 + foliar fertilization "Nutrivant plus universal"), which provide an increase in seed yield of 86.8–123.6 kg/ha, and for the organo-mineral fertilization system (result of 86 t/ha of manure + locally N60P60K45) with an increase in seed yield of 120.7 kg/ha (100–142% relative to the control). Regardless of fertilization systems, the quality of tomato seeds, in terms of germination and weight of 1000 seeds, meets the requirements of DSTU 7160:2020. Conclusions: The optimal system of tomato fertilization in vegetable-fodder irrigated crop rotation based on the combination of positive effects on seed yield and fertilizer saving is the use of an organo-mineral fertilization system: N60P60K45 locally in the spring and aftereffect of 14 t/ha of manure of the crop rotation area, which ensures an increase in the yield of tomato seeds on 120 kg/ha or by 139%.
References
Bikbulatov, Ye.I., Pronko, N.A. (2014). Vliyanie doz mineralnikh udobrenii na urozhainost toma-tov pri virashchivanii na chernozeme yuzhnom s ispolzovaniem kapelnogo orosheniya. [Influence of doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of tomatoes when grown on southern chernozem using drip irrigation]. Perspektivnie napravleniya issledovanii v izme-nyayushchikhsya klimaticheskikh usloviyakh (posvyashcha-etsya 140-letiyu A.G. Doyarenko): sbornik do-kladov Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoprakticheskoi konferentsii molodikh uchenikh i spetsialistov (18-19 marta 2014 goda). Saratov. S. 328-332. [in Russian].
Bohdanov, V.O., Bohdanov, Yu.V. (2011). Vplyv rezhymiv zroshennia i zhyvlennia na vodospozhyvannia i vrozhainist rozsadnoho tomatu pry kraplynnomu zroshenni. [The influence of irrigation and nutrition regimes on water consumption and yield of seedling tomato under drip irrigation]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria. №1. S. 139-143. [in Ukrainian].
Bolotskikh, A.S. (2001). Ovoshchi Ukraini. [Vegetables of Ukraine.]. Kharkov: Orbita. 1088 s. [in Russian].
Bocharov, V.N. (2007). Ratsionalnoe ispolzovanie udobrenii pri kapelnom oroshenii. [Rational use of fertilizers in drip irrigation]. Kartofel i ovoshchi. №1. S. 13. [in Russian].
Voronkov, L.A. (1967). O biologicheskoi roli i mekhanizme deistviya peroksidazi. [On the biological role and mechanism of action of peroxidase]. S.-kh. biologiya. T. 2. Vip. 1. S. 78-84. [in Russian].
DSTU 7160:2020. Nasinnia ovochevykh, bashtannykh, kormovykh i priano-aromatychnykh kultur. Sortovi ta posivni yakosti. Tekhnichni umovy. [Chynnyi vid 01.09.2021]. [Seeds of vegetable, melon, fodder and aromatic crops. Varietal and sowing qualities. Specifications.]. Vyd. ofits. Kyiv: Derzh-spozhyvstandart Ukrainy, 2006. 181 s. [in Ukrainian].
Ivanova, T.M., Rubin, B.A., Davidova, M.A. (1970). O kataliticheskikh funktsiyakh peroksidazi khloro-plastov. [On the catalytic functions of chloroplast peroxidase.]. Dokladi AN SSSR. T. 190. Vip. 1. S. 214-217. [in Russian].
Kalistru, M.M., Poznyaeva, T.V., Bozhakovskaya, L.E. (2011). Resurso-sberigayushchie elementi tekhnologii vozdelivaniya tomata v zavisimosti ot sposoba virashchivaniya v Pridnestrove. [Resource-saving elements of tomato cultivation technology depending on the cultivation method in Transnistria.]. Vestnik Pridnestrovskogo universiteta. №2 (38). S. 209-214 (Seriya «Medikobiologicheskie i khimicheskie nauki»). [in Russian].
Kiver, H.F., Stepanova, I.M. (2002). Vplyv dobryv na vrozhainist i yakist plodiv posivnoho tomata v umovakh pivdnia Ukrainy. [The influence of fertilizers on the yield and quality of seed tomato fruits in the conditions of southern Ukraine.]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu zemlerobstva pivdennoho rehionu UAAN. Kherson. №3. S.53- 55. [in Ukrainian].
Kiseleva, N.N., Bocharov, V.N., Sokolova, G.F. (2006). Mineralnoe pitanie tomata pri kapelnom oroshenii. [Mineral nutrition of tomato with drip irrigation]. Sbornik nauchnikh trudov po ovoshchevodstvu i bakhchevodstvu (Tekhnologiya i zemlede-lie). M.: Rosselkhozakademiya. S. 151–154. [in Russian].
Kosenko, N.P., Pogorєlova, V.O. (2020). Nasіnnєva produktivnіst sortіv tomata zalezhno vіd skhemi sіvbi ta udobrennya v umovakh Pіvdennogo Stepu. Vіsnik agrarnoї nauki. 2 (803). S. 37–43 [in Ukrainian]. doi: https://doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk202002-06
Kuts, A.V., Paramonova, T.V. (2017). Effektivnost ispolzovaniya udobrenii v oroshaemom ovoshch-no-kormovom sevooborote Levoberezhnoi Leso-stepi Ukraini. [Effectiveness of the use of fertilizers in the irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation of the Levoberezhnaya Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. Minsk. №2 (59). S. 184–192. [in Russian].
Kuts, O.V. (2017). Efektyvnist mikrobnykh preparativ v tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia pomidora. [Effectiveness of microbial preparations in tomato growing technology]. Naukovi dopovidi NUBiP. № 6 (70). 10 s. URL: http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Dopovidi/issue/view/392 [in Ukrainian].
Kuts, O.V. (2019). Mikrobiolohichna aktyvnist gruntu za riznykh system optymizatsii zhyvlennia roslyn tomata. [Microbiological activity of soil under different systems of tomato plant nutrition optimization.]. Ovochivnytstvo i bashtannytstvo. (63). S. 185-193. Retrieved із https://vegetablesjournal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/63 [in Ukrainian].
Mardanov, A., Vezirova, N. (1965). Sravnitelnoe izuchenie vliyaniya bora i fosfora na sintez belkov i aktivnost fermentov na visokom fone azotnogo pitaniya. [Comparative study of the effect of boron and phosphorus on protein synthesis and enzyme activity on a high background of nitrogen nutrition.]. Mikroelementi v selskom khozyaistve i meditsine: tezisi dokladov V Vsesoyuznogo soveshchaniya. Ulan-Udє. T. 3. S. 31-32. [in Russian].
Mironova, G.D., Sirota, T.V. (1977). Uchastie perok-sidazi i ne oposredovannogo tsitokhromoksidazoi deistviya kisloroda v protsessakh obrazovaniya ATF. [Comparative study of the effect of boron and phosphorus on protein synthesis and enzyme activity on a high background of nitrogen nutrition.]. Biofizika slozhnikh sistem i radiatsionnikh narushenii. M.: Nauka. S. 1-287. [in Russian].
Miroshnychenko, N.V., Hamaiunova, V.V. (2010). Vplyv foniv zhyvlennia na urozhainist ta yakist plodiv tomativ za vyroshchuvannia na zroshenni pivdnia Ukrainy. [The influence of nutrition backgrounds on the yield and quality of tomato fruits grown under irrigation in the south of Ukraine]. Studentskyi naukovyi visnyk: nau-kovoteoretychnyi zhurnal Mykolaivskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Mykolaiv. Vyp. 2 (3). Chastyna 3. S. 9-15. [in Ukrainian].
Mukhin, V. D., Simba, D. Zh. (1997). Vliyanie regulya-torov rosta na urozhainost i semennuyu pro-duktivnost tomata. Dokladi TSKhA. Sb. nauch. statei. Vip. 299. S. 124–125. [in Russian].
Rubin, B.A., Ladigina, M.E. (1974). Fiziologiya i biokhimiya dikhaniya rastenii. [Physiology and biochemistry of plant respiration]. M.: Izd-vo MGU. 512 s. [in Russian].
Sirota, S.M., Belyakov, M.A. (2006). Pishchevoi rezhim pochvi i urozhai tomata i kapusti pri dlitelnom primenenii udobrenii. [The nutritional regime of the soil and the yield of tomato and cabbage with long-term use of fertilizers.]. Kartofel i ovoshchi. №1. S. 18-19. [in Russian].
Stepanova, I.M. (2003). Vplyv hustoty stoiannia i zroshennia na vrozhainist i yakist plodiv posivnoho tomata v umovakh pivdnia Ukrainy. [The effect of stand density and irrigation on the yield and quality of seed tomato fruits in the conditions of southern Ukraine]. Ovochivnytstvo i bashtannytstvo: mizhvidomchyi tematychnyi naukovyi zbirnyk. Kharkiv. Vyp. 48. S. 208-211. [in Ukrainian].
Fedoseeva, V. A. (2009). Rezhimi kapelnogo orosheniya i udobreniya tomatov v usloviyakh svetlokashtanovikh pochv Nizhnego Povolzhya: avtoref. dis. na soiskanie uchen. stepeni kand. s.-kh. nauk. [Drip irrigation regimes and fertilization of tomatoes in conditions of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region]. Volgograd. 20 s. [in Russian].
Filipiev, I.D., Kiver, H.F., Stepanova, I.M. (2002). Vplyv strokiv vnesennia azotnoho dobryva na vrozhai i yakist plodiv bezrozsadnoho tomata. [The effect of nitrogen fertilization timing on the yield and quality of seedless tomato fruits.]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk: zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Kherson: Ailant. Vyp. 21. S. 61-64. [in Ukrainian].
Filipiev, I.D., Stepanova, I.M., Vasylenko, R.M. (2003). Vplyv fonu zhyvlennia na produktyvnist i yakist tomata. [The influence of nutritional background on productivity and quality of tomato]. Rozrobka problem zroshuvanoho zemlerobstva na suchasnomu etapi rozvytku silskoho hospodarstva: zbirnyk naukovykh prats prysviachenyi 225- richchiu zasnuvannia m. Khersona. Kherson. S. 51- 54. [in Ukrainian].
Albornoz F. (2016). Crop Responses to Nitrogen Overfertilization: A Review. Sci. Hortic. 205. Р. 79–83. [in English].
Alam, M., Billah, K.M.M., Prince, M.H., Hasan, K.M.M. (2017). Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Yield of Tomato: A Mini-Review. Int. J. Adv. Agric. Sci. 2. Р. 2–6. [in English].
Amanullah, L. A, Ali, A., Fahad, S., Parmar, B. (2016). Nitrogen source and rate management improve maize productivity of smallholders under semiarid climates. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016. 7. 1773. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.01773 [in English].
Bénard, C., Gautier, H., Bourgaud, F., Grasselly, D., Navez, B., Caris-Veyrat, C., Weiss, M., Génard, M. (2009). Effects of Low Nitrogen Supply on Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Fruit Yield and Quality with Special Emphasis on Sugars, Acids, Ascorbate, Carotenoids, and Phenolic Compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57. 4112–4123. [in English].
Chakradhar, P., Laxmi, P. S., Supriya, D., Anuj, K. R. (2017). Effect of Bio-Fertilizers and Micronutrients on Seed Yield and Quality in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). International J. of Science, Environment and Technology. V. 6. Is. 2. P. 1526–1534. [in English].
Cheng, M., Wang, H., Fan, J., Xiang, Y., Tang, Z., Pei S., Zeng, H., Zhang, C., Dai, Y., Li, Z. et al. (2021). Effects of Nitrogen Supply on Tomato Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Fruit Quality: A Global Meta-Analysis. Sci. Hortic. 290. 110553. [in English].
Gibson, D.M., Liu, S.V. (1978). Substrate specification of peroxidase isozymes in the developing pea seedling. Ann. Bot.. Vol 42. № 181. P. 1075- 1083. [in English].
Jiang, S.Q., Yu, Y.N., Gao, R.W. et al. (2019). High-throughput absolute quantification sequencing reveals the effect of different fertilizer applications on bacterial community in a tomato cultivated coastal saline soil. The Science of the Total Environment. 2019. 687. Р. 601-609. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.105. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31220714/ [in English].
Li, J.W., Guo, C.L., Jian, S.Y., Deng, Q., Yu, C.L., Dzantor, K.E., Hui, D.F. (2018). Nitrogen fertilization elevated spatial heterogeneity of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in switchgrass and gamagrass croplands. Scientific Reports. 8(1). Р. 1734 [in English].
Mader, M., Amberg-Fischer, V. (1982). Role of peroxidasa in lignification of to-bacco cells. I. Oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and formation of hydrogen peroxide by cell wall peroxidases. Plant Physiol. Vol. 70. № 4. P. 1128- 1131. [in English].
Muchanga, R., Hirata, T., Araki, H. (2017). Hairy vetch becomes an alternative basal N fertilizer in low-input fresh-market tomato production in plastic high tunnel. Acta Horticulturae. Volume 1164. P. 127–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1164.16 [in English].
Nighat, M., Faheema, M., Rehana, J. et al. (2018). Physiological Responses and Cost Benefit Analysis of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon L.) Seed Crop in Relation to Foliar Application of B and Zn under Temperate Open Field Conditions. Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access J. 14. (2). P. 1–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.14.555913 [in English].
Pandit, N.R., Choudhary, D., Maharjan, S., Dhakal, K., Vista, S.P., Gaihre, Y.K. (2022). Optimum Rate and Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer Improves Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Tomato Yield in Nepal. Soil Syst. 6. 72. 13 р. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6030072 [in English].
Parisi, M., Burato, A., Pentangelo, A., Ronga, D. (2022). Towards the Optimal Mineral N Fertilization for Improving Peeled Tomato Quality Grown in Southern Italy. Horticulturae. 8. 697. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080697 [in English].
Parisi, M., Giordano, I., Pentangelo, A., D’Onofrio, B., Villari, G. (2006). Effects of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Fruit Quality in Processing Tomato. Acta Hortic. 700. Р. 129–132. [in English].
Petropoulos, S.A., Xyrafis, E., Polyzos, N., Antoniadis, V., Fernandes, Â., Barros, L., Ferreira, I.C.F.R. (2020). The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum l. Cv. Heinz 3402). Agronomy. 10. 715. [in English].
Pleniscar, M.В., Bonner, W.D., Storey, В.T. (1967). Peroxidase associated with higher plant mitochondria. Plant Physiol. Vol. 42. № 2. P. 366- 370. [in English].
Porto, J.S., Rebouças, T.N.H., Moraes, M.O.B., Bomfim, M.P., Lemos, O.L., Luz, J.M.Q. (2016). Qualidade e Atividade Antioxidante de Tomate Cultivado Sob Diferentes Fontes e Doses de Nitrogênio. Rev. Caatinga. 29. Р. 780–788. [in English].
Su, J.-Y., Liu, C.-H., Tampus, K., Lin, Y.-C., Huang, C.-H. (2022). Organic Amendment Types Influence Soil Properties, the Soil Bacterial Microbiome, and Tomato Growth. Agronomy. 12. 1236. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051236 [in English].
Truffault, V., Marlene, R., Brajeul, E., Vercambre, G., Gautier, H. (2019). To Stop Nitrogen Overdose in Soilless Tomato Crop: A Way to Promote Fruit Quality without Affecting Fruit Yield. Agronomy. 9. 80 р. [in English].
Warner, J., Zhang, T.Q., Hao, X. (2004). Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Fruit Yield and Quality of Processing Tomatoes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84. Р. 865–871. [in English].
Zhang, T.Q., Tan, C.S., Liu, K.. Drury, C.F., Papadopoulos, A.P., Warner, J. (2010). Yield and Economic Assessments of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Phosphorus for Processing Tomato with Drip Fertigation. Agron. J. 102. Р. 774–780. [in English].
