ADAPTIVE CAPACITY AND SELECTION VALUE OF COLLECTABLE SAMPLES OF VEGETABLE SOYBEAN
Abstract
Abstract. Cultivation of adaptive varieties of vegetable crops is the main principle of environmentally friendly agriculture, which allows reducing the impact of negative anthropogenic factors on the environment and providing the population with environmentally safe products. The purpose of the research was to reveal the degree of variability of individual productivity parameters and the adaptive potential of vegetable soybean plants. Methods. The research was conducted in the conditions of the educational and production department of the Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020–2022, collection varieties of different ecological and geographical origins were used. Field and genetics-statistical methods were used in the research. Results. Plants varied significantly in the number of shoots (CV= 6–53%). According to the indicator of the number of beans per plant, the Romantyka variety significantly prevailed over the Fiskeby V-E5 and Astra varieties – 53.00 and 44.33 pcs/plant, which is 70.1 and 42.2% more. The variation of this characteristic was strong – CV = 31%. The number of pod seeds was moderately variable – 13%, and the samples were divided into two groups: with two-seeded pods (Romantyka st, Karikachi, Fiskeby V-Е5, Л 380-2-13) and three-seeded beans (Fiskeby V, Vesta, SybNIYSOH 6, Sac). Evaluation of the mass of green beans from one plant revealed a low heritability of this trait (h2 = 0.07), and high bean mass was characterized by samples Sac, Vesta, Fiskeby V, Fiskeby V-E5. The samples L 380-2-13, Vesta, Sac, Fiskeby V, Fiskeby V-E5 stood out in terms of edamame bean yield and adaptability. Stress-resistant samples of Sac and Karikachi were identified. A high yield of seeds, higher than the standard, was obtained in samples L 380-2-13 (1.75 t/ha), Sac (1.95 t/ha), Vesta (1.79 t/ha), Fiskeby V (2.22 t/ha), Fiskeby V-E5 (2.46 t/ha), which exceeded the standard by 8.0–64.8%. Conclusion. The evaluation of the collection varieties of vegetable-oriented soybeans according to the variability of morphological features and productivity made it possible to single out the Sac variety among the introduced collection varieties based on a set of valuable characteristics for use in the s election process to create new varieties of vegetable-oriented soybeans.
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