INFLUENCE OF A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF FERTILIZER AND FORMATION OF A SEED BUSH ON THE YIELD OF SEEDS OF BEET VARIETY BAGRYANY
Abstract
Goal. To determine the influence of the biological fertilization system and the formation of the seed bush on the yield of beet seeds of the table variety Bagryany in the soil and climatic conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational and statistical. The results. The results are presented regarding the biometric parameters of seeds, seed yield, and its condition indicators depending on the biologized system of fertilization and pinching of the seed bush. On the control variant, seed plants are formed mainly according to II and III types of branching (40 and 35% of plants, respectively) and only 25% according to IV type. A similar trend is observed from the use of the biological fertilization system in 37, 36 and 27% of plants, respectively. The use of pinching of the central peduncle to stimulate the formation of lateral buds, which made it possible to increase the percentage of type III branching to 50%, IV to 40% and reduce the number of plants of type II branching to 10%. The weight of 1000 seeds on the control variant is 25,4 g, the germination is 90% and the percentage of monocotyledonous seeds is 34%, pinching the seed bush at the beginning of growth stimulates the formation of additional lateral peduncles that form a larger number of monocotyledonous seeds at the level of 49%, which has a lower weight of 1000 seeds – 19,2 g, without reducing the similarity rate of 90%. During the application of the biological fertilization system, the highest germination of seeds was noted according to the experiment - 92%, the number of single-germinating seeds was at the control level - 33%, but the seeds formed the largest mass of 1000 seeds of 28.6 g. Conclusions. Formation on seeds under the influence of a biological system of seed fertilization with the largest mass of 1000 seeds (28,6 g) allows obtaining a seed yield at the level of 1427,0 kg/ha (increase relative to the unfertilized version is 87,3 kg/ha), profitability level 376 %. The mechanical formation of the pedunc le by pinching at the beginning of the growth of the peduncle made it possible to stimulate the formation of lateral shoots, which increased the percentage of type III branching to 50-52%, and IV - to 40-36%, and reduced the number of plants of type II branching to 10-12%, the obtained seeds the maximum percentage of monocot seeds (49%) and corresponded to DSTU 7160:2010 in terms of condition.
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