FEATURES OF PATHOGENESIS OF CUCUMBER DISEASES IN CONDITIONS OF FILM GREENHOUSES OF SPRING-SUMMER CROP ROTATION
Abstract
The aim. To specify the species composition and features of the pathogenesis of major cucumber's diseases in greenhouses with film cover with permanent use of greenhouse soils in spring - summer crop rotation. Methods. The phytosanitary condition of cucumber crops was assessed during the vegetative period of the plants (April-early August). At the same time, the spreading and intensity of development of the diseases were determined. Identification of pathogens of fungal etiology was performed using humidity chamber and pure culture methods followed by microscopy; bacterial and viral etiologies were determined by visual analysis of symptoms. Results. It has been established that cucumber plants in the conditions of film greenhouses with the constant use of soils are affected by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. It was found that cucumbers are affected by diseases in the phases of ontogenesis: 3–4 leaves, the beginning of flowering, mass fruiting. The phytopathological analysis of the affected plants showed that in the early stages of ontogenesis of cucumber plants, the main role in the pathogenesis of diseases is occupied by root rot pathogens - fungi of the genus Fusarium. In the phase of flowering, yearly, plants are affected by bacterial and viral diseases; however, an analysis of the dynamics of their development has shown that in conditions of film greenhouses they do not have economical significance. In the phase of mass fruiting, the most economically significant was downy mildew, the intensity of which was 82-88%, which indicates the epiphytotic nature of the disease. Conclusions. Monitoring of the species composition of pathogens has shown that cucumber plants in the conditions of film greenhouses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are affected by diseases: fungal etiology (root rot, fusarium wilt, white rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew), bacterial (angular bacterial spot) and viral etiology. The features of the pathogenesis of these diseases over the years depending on the phases of ontogenesis were determined. Specific symptoms of their manifestation are revealed. The diseases of fungal etiology occupy the dominant part in the cucumber pathocomplex in the conditions of polypropylene greenhouses
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