EFFECTS OF BIOHUMUS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATI-VUM L.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

Abstract. A characteristic feature of modern agriculture is the deterioration of soil fertility due to its intensive use, the shortage of water resources and, consequently, the decline in agricultural productivity. These factors determine the need to restore and enhance the soil fertility by using vermicompost (biohumus) in the technology of growing crops, which is an effective remedy for soil regeneration, increasing the yield of vegetables and obtaining organic products. The aim of the research. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal rate of introduction of biohumus and its impact on the productivity and commerciality of winter garlic. Methods. Field, statistical, settlement and analytical. The fertilizing of winter garlic varieties of Sophiivskyi and Promethei by biohumus in the norms 1; 3; 5 t/ha, which were introduced locally in the lines before planting, compared with 30 t/ha of introducted humus by spreading and option with out fertilizer was studied. Results. The researches have shown that the reaction of varieties to biohumus is somewhat different, but generally positive. By adding of vermicompost, the assimilation area of one plant increased in the period of intense growth to 100 %. With the onset of maturation of plants – up to 12.2%, depending on the variety. It was establish that by the introduction of biohumus, the intensity of plant growth increased from 1.3 to 18.2%. It has been proved that by the application of biohumus the plant increases the total number of roots by 1.044.0%, while reducing their average length by 1.6–10.6 %. The researches have shown that increasing in the weight of the bulb is directly proportional to the increase in the norm of the biohumus. Thus, by using biohumus the index grew by 9.9–25.1 % in the variety of Sophiivskyi, and by 6.7–16.0 % in the variety of Promethei. The most effective was the introducing of biohumus at the rate of 3 and 5 t/ha, in these variants the increase in the garlic yield reached 2.4–3.6 t/ha and 4.0–5.1 t/ha according to the varieties of winter garlic of Sophiivskyi and Promethei. The research establishes a positive dynamics of the change in the structure of the crop. For the variety of winter garlic of Sophiivskyi the optimum rate of introduction of biohumus is 3 t/ha. The total number of garlic teeth decreases and the proportion of the large fraction increases, with the increasing of the norm up to 5 t/ha the total number of the garlic teeth increases from 10 in control up to 10.8 in trial version. The variety of Promethei had a better response for increasing the biohumus norm. In experimental variants the total number of the garlic teeth is one level, however, the fractional composition of the garlic teeth is significantly different. Thus, with increasing of the biohumus norm the share of a large fraction is increased and the share of medium and small particles is reduced and the fine fraction disappears in general from the structure of the crop for introducing of 5 t/ha of the fertilizer. The comparison of the basic biochemical composition of the experimental garlic with control one shows a significant improvement in both varieties. The content of dry matter for the application of biohumus increased by 3–5.8 %, the amount of sugars increased by 3.8–11.5 %. The percentage of ascorbic acid exceeded the control by 5.5–10.9 %, and the content of nitrates in the garlic teeth decreased by 4.5–16.4 %. Conclusion. So, in the whole experiment by introducing the biohumus, increasing all growth and productive processes and improving the biochemical composition of winter garlic are observe.