INFLUENCE ADDITIONAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN THE INITIAL STAGES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SEEDLING FOR TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS
Abstract
The aim of the research. The study of the effect of additional artificial lighting in the initial stages of growth and development of seedlings of cucumber and tomato in greenhouses. Methods. Phenological observations, biometric measurements, statistical research methods. Results. It ware established that differences in the growth rate of hybrids of tomato and cucumber appeared already in the early stages. Especially, the most dramatic differences were observe in tomatoes. In the variant with the additional light, on the fifth day, the cotyledon leaves were well developed, the height of the hypocotyl was on average 3.6 cm, the leaf surface area of the first true leaf was 3.08 cm2. At the same time, in the control, the plants were at the stage of unfoldment of cotyledonary leaves. In the phase of two to four true leaves, both in height of the stem and in the area of the leaf surface, the seedlings of the option with additional lightning were distinguish. It ware established that the plants, with additional lightning were more aligned in height, had a strong, strongly pubescent, larger stem diameter, wet weight of plants on average by 19% exceeded the version with natural light. According to phenological observations, cucumber plants developed almost equally, according to morphometric data, plants with additional lightning exceeded control. In the phase of unfolded cotyledon leaves, the height of hypocotyl on average by 23% exceeded control. For this period, the plants of both variants of the experiment were at the initial stage of the formation of the first true leaf. Later on, a significant acceleration of growth ware observed in plants with additional lightning. In the phase of two true leaves, the plant height in the experiment was 45% higher than the control, and the leaf surface area – by 30%, while the stem thickness was 7.9% less in the control. Conclusions. Studies have shown the effectiveness of LED phytolamp 30 W in the spring period for growing seedlings in greenhouses. Throughout the experiment, in the variant with additional luminescence in tomato and cucumber plants, accelerated growth, large height, leaf surface area and the mass of the aerial part were observe. In addition, with additional lightning in tomato plants of the same age observed significant differences in the growth rate of true leaves.
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