RESULTS OF THE USE OF NEW PARENTAL LINES OF THE WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS (THUNB.) MATSUM. ET NAKAI) IN THE HIGHHETEROSIS CREATION OF COMPETITIVE HYBRID COMPOUNDS OF THE FIRST GENERATION
Abstract
The aim of the research. To allocate new effective parent forms with high combining ability and a number of valuable economic features, to involve them in the selection process for the creation of new hybrid combinations F1, to determine the level of manifestation of heterosis and to allocate better heterozygous combinations for economic and valuable features. Methods. Methods of synthetic selection with the use of individual and mass selection at all stages of the selection process, hybridization, according to the methodological approaches for the selection of heterozosis hybrids of watermelon; field evaluation; settlement and analytical. Results. The results of creation of new maternity and parentity lines of watermelon ware highlighted. The evaluation was carry and their characteristics ware described based on valuable economic characteristics. Their combinative ability is determined. Maternal 24 and parent 25 lines with a positive general combined ability based on "yield" (gi = 0,18 – 22,51; gj = 0,09 – 47,08) and based on "merchantability" (gi = 0,06 – 23,11; gj = 0,03 – 57,13). The new first-generation hybrid combinations have been created ‑ 63. Allocated 30 were that significantly exceeded the standard for yield (42,7–69,3 t/ha, exceeding respectively 39 to 104 %), as well as high marketability indicators (79 – 100 %), disease resistance (7 – 9) and the quality of the fruits. The degree of dominance and the heterosis effect of new generation hybrid combinations are determined. Combinations of 14 hybrid with a stable high level of heterosis based on valuable economic features were distinguished (X = 95,5 – 148 % based on "yields"; X = 97,5 – 105,5 % based on "merchantability"). Conclusions. The new lines have undeniable advantages for the creation of new heterozygous watermelon hybrids that will meet the requirements of the market: high yielding, early middle and medium-high with high quality fruits, resistant to biotic environmental factors. Monotony of maternal lines and the presence of markers in maternal and parental components will facilitate the reception of hybrid seeds and increase its hybridity. There were synthesized 63 new hybrid combinations of the first generation of 30, of them, isolated by a set of valuable economic features, 14 - by the level of manifestation of heterozygosity. Consequently, the feasibility of using new lines for heterozygous selection of watermelon has been prove.
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